A Company s Decision For Buy Navigation And Mapping Software

This scenario focuses on a company’s decision to buy navigation and mapping software. The manager of the company approaches their IT manager, Patrick, who is supposed to recommend the best software. Although, Patrick does not commit any illegal offences, he shows through a number of actions that he violates professional ethics. R Bradburn states that ‘business ethics†¦ is an oxymoron’ suggesting that the idea of business can never coincide with ethics because business in itself is too interested in expansion and selfish motives. All IT professionals should meet the criteria of the British Computer Society Code of Conduct. The BCS Code of Conduct states an employee should take into account ‘Public Interests,’ ‘Professional Competence and Integrity,’ ‘Duty to Relevant Authority’ and ‘Duty to the Profession.’ The BCS Code of Conduct seems to be based on Deontological Ethics as it states that it is an employee’s ‘duty’ to fulfil these guidelines. Firstly, an interest in the effect on the public is vital to the maintenance of ethics throughout a company. In a sense, a company cannot function properly without the support of the public. Whereas, ‘Professional Competence and Integrity’ indicates that an employee should try to gain as much knowledge as possible to influence growth and improvement. This also indicates that those seeking improvement within a company should encourage other employees to do the same. The BCS section, â €˜Duty to Relevant Authority’ states that an employeeShow MoreRelated7 Ps of Marketing Mix2400 Words   |  10 Pageshandle customers and how to deal with contingencies, is crucial for your success. * Processes are important to deliver a quality service. Services being intangible, processes become all the more crucial to ensure standards are met with. Process mapping ensures that your service is perceived as being dependable by your target segment. * Physical evidence affects the customer’s satisfaction. Often, services being intangible, customers depend on other cues to judge the offering. This is where physicalRead MorePaul Saffo Six Rules for Effective Forecasting Full Summary in Free Essay5551 Words   |  23 Pagesways. The role of the forecaster in the real world is quite different from that of the mythical seer. Prediction is concerned with future certainty; forecasting looks at how hidden currents in the present signal possible changes in direction for companies, societies, or the world at large. Thus, the primary goal of forecasting is to identify the full range of possibilities, not a limited set of illusory certainties. Whether a specific forecast actually turns out to be accurate is only part of theRead MoreEssay about Recognizing and Shaping Opportunities19389 Words   |  78 Pagesop yo Lynda M. Applegate, Series Editor rP os t Entrepreneurship + I N TE R A C TI VE I L LU S TR AT I O N S No tC Recognizing and Shaping Opportunities LYNDA M. APPLEGATE HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL Do CAROLE CARLSON 8056 | Published: September 1, 2014 This document is authorized for educator review use only by Vikas Gupta, at Institute of Management Technology - Ghaziabad (IMT) until December 2014. Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Permissions@hbsp.harvard.edu or 617.783Read MoreMergers Acquisitions: The Case of Microsoft and Nokia Essay23810 Words   |  96 Pageshandset market has led companies to change their business strategies. Indeed, Mergers and Acquisition are considered one of the best strategies to increase shareholder value despite its hardship to be well-implemented. For this reason, a consolidation between Microsoft and Nokia may create new opportunities to challenge the market. Thereby, the focus of this dissertation will be the calculation of the additional value created by combining both firms bearing in mind the companies’ financial situationsRead MoreMis Ch93651 Words   |  15 Pages1. Most businesses should engage in e-commerce on the Internet. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your position. * 2. Why do you think there have been so many business failures among â€Å"dot-com† companies that were devoted only to retail e-commerce? * 3. If personalizing a customer’s Web site experience is a key success factor, then electronic profiling processes to track visitor Web site behavior are necessary. Do you agree or disagree withRead More HW2 Case Studies Classic Executive V2 4 Essay6307 Words   |  26 Pages list 5 key lessons learned and then discuss (few sentences) how these lessons are related to each other. Same lessons can be learnt from different case studies (for example, many companies ignore the importance of technologies). Note: Please do your own research to get some additional information about these companies. Assignments Questions Read the GE Case Study What are the 5 key lessons learned from this case study What is the relationship to Other Case Studies (common lessons, new lessons)Read MoreLeadership and Organizational Behavior in Action Essay7629 Words   |  31 Pages The company realized that not offering products that are healthier would be to the company’s detriment. â€Å"Changing the environment could have sharply cut America’s health costs. And if it was done by shifting to healthier foods, it did not have to cripple the industry. That was a lesson McDonald’s, Coke, Pepsi, and others may have started to learn,† (Pearce Robinson, 2005, p. 79). A company can also make decisions that will alleviate the affect of new entrants to its industry. Companies thatRead MoreManagement Report Esprit10259 Words   |  42 PagesIntroduction to Management and Research Methods EFO249 Fall 2009 Group Project : Final Management Report Company: International Marketing Group 6 International Marketing: Friederike Busch : fbh09002 Wiwatchai Jirawattananukool : wjl09001 Saruta Cholviroj: scj09001 Himmet Baran : hbn09004 Tutor : Tobias Eltebrandt 1 Table of Content 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................Read MoreTrends in Workplace17940 Words   |  72 Pagesat any point in all of recorded history. So it s a great time to be in this profession. But along with the tremendous opportunity that this period of economic history has brought come unprecedented requirements and responsibilities. The same technological advances that are behind the rapid emergence of a truly global economy are forever changing both the demand for and supply of workplace learning opportunities. This article is the third of ASTD s annual reports that identify major trends thatRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5

A Comparison of Tennessee Williams´ The Glass Menagerie...

The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams and Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller are two of the twentieth century’s best-known plays. The differences and similarities between both of the plays are hidden in their historical and social contexts. The characters of The Glass Menagerie and the Death of a Salesman are trapped by the constraints of their everyday lives, unable to communicate with their loved ones and being fearful for their future. There are a lot of comparisons that exist, especially between the settings, symbolism and characterization drawn between the two plays. The contrast comes form the ways that the characters choose to deal or not with the harsh circumstances of life. The Glass†¦show more content†¦Both settings are up-to-date, reflecting the time period in which they were written. In each play, the setting for the characters’ homes symbolizes the imprisoned, powerless nature of its residents. Overwhelming features surrounds both homes: i n The Glass Menagerie, frightening tenements and dark alleys; in Death of a Salesman, tall apartment buildings that block out the light. In each case, the message seems to be that as difficult and restrictive as life may be inside the home, the outside is terrifying and overwhelming. For both Amanda Wingfield and Willy Loman, the configurations that outshine their homes are like the fears that outshine their own lives. Amanda is worried that her son Tom will leave home, or even worse. She is also afraid that if Tom leaves, she cannot rely on her daughter Laura to support the household. When Amanda founds that Laura has dropped out of Business College, she feels petrified for her future. Willy is afraid of being unable to support his family after losing his job. Between the two plays further symbolic parallels can be identified. The Wingfield home represents Tom’s bondage; he is obligated to work at a job that he hates so he can support the family. The Loman home represents W illy’s bondage; he is working to pay the mortgage and the refrigerator payment. Both Tom and Willy have big dreams that are blocked by such ordinary responsibilities. By reporting theShow MoreRelatedGlass Salesman: A Comparison of Themes In a Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller2550 Words   |  11 Pagesand is suddenly thrown back in time, living as if she were the young girl she once was at Blue Mountain. Death of the Salesman by Arthur Miller was published in 1949, only four years preceding Tennessee Williams play of The Glass Menagerie. Interestingly enough, both plays begin with a glimpse of tragedy and end with self inflicted remorse. Although Death of the Salesman and The Glass Menagerie appear coincidently similar at first glance. Upon a closer examination, it becomes evident that the similarities

Sociology Couples and Equality Paper Free Essays

string(30) " for the household were made\." Sociology – Using material item B and elsewhere, assess the view that roles and relationships among couples are becoming more equal. To assess equality between couple’s roles within a family over time we must comprehend power distribution and human psychology that exists within a couple’s relationship. We must do this in order to understand why each role has been distributed between the two partners the male and the female. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology Couples and Equality Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now And henceforth between comparison of older studies and newer studies we can derive a pattern of progression or regression in the equality among couples. One of the roles that have been distributed between couples is household chores. Ann Oakley, a feminist (1975) came to the understanding that the housewife, a socialised role, was created by industrialisation. She discovered this when she researched middle and working class couples and their scale of equality; working class participants had less equality on average compared to middle class participants. This occurred as the higher the class the higher you are in the power hierarchy and those with power had the ability to make a better life for themselves and the people they cared about. The better the life the healthier the relationship, caused by positive and cooler mind sets, which then leads on to joint conjugal roles where neither partner wants to upset the happiness that exists between them. Also in the higher classes friendship circles are very close were all the husbands would socialise together and so would the wife’s leading to joint conjugal roles Bott (1957). The working class participants as mentioned before had little equality even though the men could make the difference by refreshing otherwise standard attitudes of ignorance and influence of â€Å"the housewife†. The housewife being the idea that childcare and housework are defined as female roles (Item B). The power hierarchy triangle , using my chained analysis, can be used as a life standard scale then also a healthy relationship scale then furthermore an equality scale were on average there is small equality. To criticise Ann Oakley she did not assess the difficulty of paid work for men in those times as men did have to endure a large amount of responsibility when undergoing mental and physical tasks, when using emotional influence to excel their career and to say the least making sure his family didn’t end up on the streets (welfare and benefits were minuscule). This research if done could tip the scales of equality in this era. Also in those times women didn’t expect to be treated equally the idea of the housewife was passed down from mother to daughter in order for their daughter and her children after to be able to excel in the class system. So can we really criticise the inequality that men created if the teaching of being the housewife were being passed down by women. Newer studies of the household chore from the British social attitudes survey (1997) showed an increase in the equality between husband and wife where men would contribute to domestic work; march of progress. But all the same the men are still the minority when it comes to the most responsible figure in the household. Which suggests the ideology of the housewife is still present and so the symmetrical family is still an idea society is fighting for; old habits die hard. In comparison of both research studies I see that the idea of the housewife is still present hindering the chances of equality/the symmetrical family. But equality between couples has developed/progressed as we see men are taking part in more domestic work/household chores. The second type of role that takes part within the family is childcare. Boulton (1983) wrote a book â€Å"On Being a Mother† and it discusses how men do look after the children but in their own benefits and didn’t actually take primary responsibility. In example a mother would need help looking after the children as she had a huge amount of domestic work to tend to so the father would take the children out for ice cream the mother would never be able to do that because she’s always busy and the father gets to go out for pleasure. In this case the children spend time with the father not because the father has the responsibility but because the mother, the primary carer, could not tend to them and in the end the father gets to enjoy his time while the mother is at home putting the family above herself. There’s a vast amount of inequality between the segregated couples which regresses the idea of the symmetrical family. Ferri and smith (1996) had a similar study but on a vast scale and the found that there was hardly any equality between couples in contributing to family roles as the father would have he easier tasks and the women would be the labour in the household. They also found that if women contributed to putting bread on the table they would still have to contribute to the domestic labour as much as any other women as if it were a privilege to be able to go out and work. This also contributing to the idea that equality between couples has regressed as the large majority of the data concludes that women are overworked by men. Decision making is the third role that is dispersed between the partners and we find that men usually make larger decisions while women keep to the smaller ones which involve their domestic work. Edgell (1980) found that men made decision on 3 areas that were important to both partners: moving house, finance and cars. While the women would make decision that was important but weren’t seen as important to both partners e. tonight’s diner, shopping for food, children’s clothing etc. Due to the unappreciative attitudes each partner gave to the smaller but frequent tasks women undertook the man was considered as the power house where all decisions of and for the household were made. You read "Sociology Couples and Equality Paper" in category "Papers" Understanding this we can see that equality could not progress because both partners are lead to believe that the smaller more frequent tasks are insignificant causing regression in equality between couples. Backing this statement is the second part of Edgell’s study was half the men and women said equality was a bad thing. We could assume that the man was taking lead on the decision and influencing the wife but most likely they saw each other as incapable of preforming their â€Å"set† tasks. Although there are criticisms of Edgell’s study coming from another feminist NB Davis (1991) and she has experienced the idea that women can use their abilities of persuasion and power to manipulate and even undermine men’s’ power. If thought about the hypothesis is valid but there is no study to back that statement how do we know that women only accept their social status so they can sway the power in their direction. This study was 10 years later and we now have the understanding that women are capable of tipping the power distribution in their favour which may not be the best way to insure equality but it is effective. Even though this occurs I don’t think most women have the capability of subtly controlling men to the point were they have the power and control within the relationship or equal to so I still stand on saying there is a regression in equality between couples. Pahl (1993) in research on the role of finance, the forth role, in a family found the men dominated in controlling the finances of the house. He found that if both couples were in paid work the man controlling the finances were more common and in the least likely of cases only one of the couples would work and that one would control the finances again most likely the man. We see an emerging pattern of men dominance in any case which regresses the idea of equality in distribution of domestic roles. But Pahl’s study did find equality between men and women in managing the finances (a quarter of the results) which in comparison with industrial times the amount is pretty high as women were expected not to work at all and never to manage finances. So we can actually derive that there has been a progression, however slow, in the equality of men and women. In criticism men are naturally better at mathematics then women it is known in education that boys usually achieve higher in Maths while women usually excell in English so it can’t just be based on the idea that men dominate the important tasks of the family linking in with decision making. The fifth but one of the most influential roles for men is the career role â€Å"someone to put bread on the table†. Martins and Roberts (1984) found that men are more likely to take part in domestic labour if the women worked full time. More likely† is an indication that even though the women took the role of the man would still be disinclined to take the responsibilities of the woman (54%). Women found it much harder to start and grow a career (Item B) so you would think men would have enough understanding and sympathy for the majority to help out but it wasn’t the case. Their second part of the research found that 74% of part time working women took full responsibility for domestic labour. This indicates very low levels of equality in this point in time. To argue Gershuny (1982) found that on average hours spent on conjugal roles for women was less of that of men if the man was in full time work. In older times on average more men were in full time work than women we would see that men’s argument of equality would be better weighted than women. Sulvian (1996) found that most men spent their free time socialising and relaxing while women spent most of their free time to housework. This point could tip the scales to show balance between men and women on hours spent on conjugal roles; but it really depends on your point of view. Some people would argue that â€Å"a women’s work is never done† because they want to create a perfect home not because they need to. I my opinion women do their work out of good will and because of this progression to the symmetrical family may be hindered. I derived this as women would be less likely to share their conjugal roles with the incapable domestic workers, men. Even with this is sight I see progression in equality amongst couples as Hardill el al (1997) found different data to Martin and Roberts (1984) but found evidence of joint decisions and some movements of equality. On time based judgements I say that career based roles in contribution to conjugal roles between couples are becoming more equal; as we see an emergence in joint decisions and shared labour. The sixth and darkest side of the family is the emotion and violence role. Duncombe and Marsden (1995) found evidence to construct the triple shift theory were in the most unequal situation women would do the domestic labour be in full employment and use their emotional capabilities to create a stable and happy family. Their research shows that undertaking the role of emotional work is a great responsibility as you must not only understand yourself but the rest of the family too. Not only that because the children are too young to see the problem and, research shows, the father denies it the women gets singled out. Which leads to the inescapable situation: the women out of good will try to make sure her family see the problem and because of that she is exposed to domestic violence. Dobash and Dobash (1979) found that out of 137 women 25% of them would receive beatings for poor behaviour. This occurred as they found the power relationship in marriage is unequal between the couples which then affects the later generations understanding of violence within the household due to visual socialisation. They also found that women were incapable of leaving their husbands due to financial dependence so again we find an inescapable situation were women are the victims. If we work through 1979 to 1995 we find that women found 2 escape routes to equality. One was to gain financial dependence to start careers from young ages and not falling into this oppressed cycle (evidence being Item B â€Å"current high levels of divorce†). The other lead into the second oppressed cycle. By looking at this research and understanding the scientific principle of natural selection women have learnt to avoid violence/physical confrontation by becoming skilled in working with people’s emotions. Women may not always fall into the second cycle of oppression depending on their skill in emotion and the characteristics of each of the family members. These two routes may not always lead to equality but they lead to greater equality than that of the past showing a progression in equality amongst couples in society. Evaluating these different domestic roles I have found one conclusion on the equality between couples and its course. The symmetrical family is a feasible idea but time has taken its toll and partnerships continue to be unequal (Item B) but with time and understanding of this situation we can progress. In the role of household chores we found slow but gaining rogression in the equality amongst couples most likely caused by guilt as it takes time for the reality to sink in to unravel ignorance and primary socialisation. In the role of childcare we see that regression in equality between couples is predictable as the father likes to take the easy way out not seeing or denying the problem the mother gets singled out (against fun). So really in this situation the father is the individual that needs to get the progression of equality motor running. In the role of decision-making we have seen regression in equality amongst couples this was caused by both partners inability to change for the better were both partners deny the significance of smaller but frequent tasks. In the role of finance we discover that progression is there as men are allowing women to take on careers they are more accepting to the idea of women managing their own finances and in comparison with other roles this one has most progression in equality. In the role of the â€Å"bread winner†/careers we see an equal amount of progression as that of finance for the same reason (constant reminders of capability). In the role of emotions and violence work we derive with understanding that equality is progressing as women were able to grow and overlook their past. With this understanding women are able to show the error in men’s ways and with time ignorance and highly gendered division of labour (Item B) will be a thing of the past and socialisation will work for equality amongst couples. With that being said and the rest of the assessment being considered I can say that roles and relationships amongst couples are becoming more equal because of women. How to cite Sociology Couples and Equality Paper, Papers

PR Practitioners on Managing Stakeholder’s Needs †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the PR Practitioners on Managing Stakeholders Needs. Answer: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) connotes to smart business actions that lead to an improvement in the company as a whole, building integrity and developing sustainability. Public Relations (PR) play a very crucial role in reporting all the actions relating to CSR that the company performs or must perform in order to get more pronounced in the operational market. Thus, it becomes very important for PR Practitioners to offer greater insights in devising and deploying CSR activities that would resonate credibly with the chief stakeholders. They focus on activities to promote productive business with greater consideration to the stakeholders of the companies who frame the base for the better performances of the companies. The PR Professionals have a unique position that is characterized by the rich knowledge that they have relating to the variable needs of stakeholders mainly through their depth in experience with technologies and dialogic communications (Seitel 2017). The messages that the PR Practitioners carry are chiefly based on factual information and are very transparent. They are less promotional and controlled and can leverage CSR activities to be personally important to external stakeholders. Public relations serve to be the driving vehicle that shares the progress made by companies who are engaging themselves in successful embracement of the strategic and integrated nature of CSR to the world. The assert that CSR is a systematic and sustainable approach to business that recognize and integrate the impact on and influence of the stakeholders, that is the employees, shareholders, customers, supply chain and the environment. Corporate Social Responsibility and Public Relations, in the present time are references in the communicational activity that lies in the context of communities where the businesses operate (Grunig 2013). The public relations aim to build and maintain a positive impression and popularity of the companies so that the people in general have a clear and transparent idea of the company and its activities. The CSR intends to improve the quality of life of the customers by meeting the various social problems that the communities report to face. Realizing the importance of CSR, the developed countries made it a phenomenon in their businesses that led top the initiation of CSR programs for the benefit of the society. These activities relate to the public relations instrument that strives to improve the image capital of the companies and simultaneously accelerate their financial performances. With the increasing identification of CSR to be very important for the growth of the companies, the c oncept has begun to be recognized in the other countries as well. CSR and PR activities work in collaboration and both these processes operate within the organizations with a link in between them. The PR department has been considering CSR to be a new solution to improve the image of the companies in their engagement in social problems that would bring clients and partners that are more faithful to the companies. The PR coordinates the external relationship of the companies that is not embedded within the functioning of the different structures of the companies. However, it is also important to understand the border that exists between the two phenomenon of corporate social responsibilities and public relations that has been rightly manifested by various specialists and their specialized literature. The concept of CSR is placed under the umbrella of PR since the organizations come closest to the public through the intermediary role that is played by the CSR. The primary activity of the PR is to focus on the researching and defining of the various problems that the public complains about, both inside and outside (Theaker 2017). They trace the attitudes, behaviors and opinions if the people who have a connection with the activities of the company. Thus, they report about the problem and recognize opportunities relating to social and environmental policies that would serve the social demands. Th ey try to understand the relations of stakeholders as well as their expectations and demands and aims to improve the relations with the stakeholders network involved in the business. Thus, both PR and CSR use their abilities to analyze and plan the relationship of the companies with various co-interested groups that the companies come in contact with (Coombs and Holladay 2013). PR Professionals also involves in implementing strategies and communicating them to the stakeholders. The not only introduce but also monitors and communicates the strategies to the stakeholders that serve to be a very crucial activity for the growth and development of the businesses. The PR Practitioners also play the vital role of evaluating the pluses and minuses that occurs in the business processes that helps the company to determine their position in relation the community and society where they are operating. Thus, both PR and CSR have similar roles to perform in accordance to the needs of the stakehol ders in companies, however they differ in the final role where the PR evaluates the situation where as the CSR implements the processes for the societal benefits (Stacks 2016). The following diagram presents the steps common in between CSR and PR that diverges at the end (Smith 2013). Step 1: the ability to identify certain problems and opportunities so that a connection is build in between the companies and the groups or people interested in the businesses. Step 2: the ability to plan and analyze the relation of the companies with the co-interested groups that the companies encounter (Kim 2014). Step 3: introducing, monitoring and communicating adequate strategies. It is evident that the PR shoulders the responsibility of communicating the CSR activities that a company is going to undertake or are already engaged in, with the different types of stakeholders. They help to increase the efficiency of the companies by communicating all the measures that would serve to the demands of the stakeholders, leading to an overall improvement of the relations that the companies share with their customers (Dozier, Grunig and Grunig 2013). Thus, the PR has the primary role to strategically manage the CSR activities of the companies that help them to sustain the relations with the stakeholders for the long term. According to Kim and Ferguson (2014) PR activities along the CSR activities that the companies undertake have beneficial effects on the image of the respective companies. Simultaneous use of PR and CSR activities brings positive results at both the managerial level and the general impression of the companies (Davis 2013). It is very important to determine the relevance of stakeholders for industries, who are related to the total outcomes of the companies. Considering the importance of the stakeholders, managing them effectively can lead to great differences that would bring success to the businesses. Thus, it is very important to have effective public relations that communicates and understands the stakeholders. For any project relationships, stakeholder management serves to be the lifeblood. Thus, the PR practitioners strive to establish sound relationship that renders the stakeholders with a feeling of trust and relevance of the companies. It also depends on them to make the stakeh olders understand their role in contributing to the business processes that would ultimately lead to the meeting and accomplishing of business goals and objectives (Johnston 2014). The public relations practitioners identify the stakeholders, communicate effectively and lead to the development of productive team members who work coordinately focusing on the common targets. This ultimately leads to the success of the businesses. Considering the negative aspect of ineffectivemanagement of stakeholders and overlooking the role of public relations, there can be delay in project or product delivery from businesses, resource drainage, political interventions and project terminations (Heath 2013). This increases risk in businesses that ultimately makes the operations in the businesses unsuccessful. The public relations practitioner is the liaison between the companies and the public. With the communication of the information about the organizations to the outside world, they in turn relay the feelings of the public to the companies. Thus, they build, protect and maintain the reputation of the organizations. Every stakeholder gets attracted and inclined towards the organizations who have a good reputation. The PR practitioners frame the repute of the companies among the people in general that simultaneously develops a consumers confidence that serves to be the healthier bottom line and growth of the industries (Bry son 2018). Bad reputation with ineffective PR affects the financial outcome badly that leads to a total declination of the businesses. The PR practitioners interact with news media and holds press conferences. They even indulge in writing press releases considering the requests for greater information from public. They also manage the social media accounts of the organizations and reach out to the various community events to develop public sentiments for the prosperity of the businesses (Culbertson and Chen 2013). Through these processes, the PR practitioners become able to identify the areas that need changes to be made by the companies and provide the organizational leaders with reports for any updates that they must know about, with valid information and data. Considering the stakeholders to serve as the basis for growth in industries, it becomes very essential for the PR practitioners to manage stakeholders needs and expectations. The stakeholders as a group usually understand the business situation better, thus it is very important to manage them. They have the potential to collapse an entire firm when their expectations are not met. Having their priorities unconsidered by the industries, the business can collapse as whole. Thus, it is very important to recognize the demands and expectations of the stakeholders, who play a very crucial role to bring success in the projects (Gregory 2015). The PR practitioners must identify the intended recipients of communication with the general consideration that different stakeholders would seek different information, varying in forms. They must try to identify the rising issues of concern to each of the stakeholders relating to their decisions with an effective communication approach. Identifying the stakeholders and managing their expectations seeks effective leadership skills and excellent communication skills. All these need to be managed effectively by the PR practitioners who aim to drive the individuals in the projects. Good stakeholder management ensures a better working environment along with a smooth working of the organizations. It helps to mitigate risks to a huge extent, eliminate unnecessary delays and attain business goals in the long term. The stakeholders being the customers, shareholders, regulators, government agencies, users, staffs and others who serve to be the soul of any functioning company have varying opinions and expectations. The PR practitioners need to involve all these considerations and collect the information accordingly. To manage the expectations, the PR practitioners need to work with greater consideration to their communication and initiating dialogue with the most influential stakeholders (Steyn and Niemann 2014). They must primarily understand the importance of the particular stakeholders that they would deal with and get access to their requirements. The practitioners must also investigate whether the desired outcome of the stakeholders is realistic or not in respect to the present business conditions. The project aims must be clearly stated to the stakeholders and it must be noted that the PR practitioners provide them with regular progress reports. Encouraging delegation wherever necessary, the practitioners must open up less formal lines of communication in order to accommodate the busy stakeholders. The practitioners also trace the accountability and record agreements for the stakeholders to address to them in need. It is equally important for them to be agile to changing market situations that ultimately affect stakeholder expectations. The practitioners, knowing the importance of the stakeholders must constantly reassess the prevailing preconception of stakeholder motivations, expectations and attitudes that account to the evolving and growing business landscape. Thus, with a wide range of communication channels and approaches, the PR practitioners must try to provide all sorts of solutions to every stakeholder. To sustain their reputation in the market, some of the companies who have been able to maintain their standard are Bosch who believes that losing money is better than losing trust. Other such companies prioritizing the CSR activities are Dell, Apple, BMW, Levi Strauss and co., Salesforce, Coca Cola and such others. Such practices show the concern of the companies that commits to sustainability and strengthening communities apart from the sole objective of profit-making. These activities have not only aided the society and the environment in multiple ways but have also led them to be even more popular and trusted by the people all around the world. They not only engage in their business activities revolving around money making but also prioritize the requisites of all their stakeholders and the global society. Thus, considering the role of stakeholders who serve to be the key for success in businesses, it becomes very important for PR practitioners to manage their needs and expectatio ns in a very effective way. References: Bryson, J.M., 2018.Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. John Wiley Sons. Coombs, W.T. and Holladay, S.J., 2013.It's not just PR: Public relations in society. John Wiley Sons. Culbertson, H.M. and Chen, N., 2013.International public relations: A comparative analysis. Routledge. Davis, A., 2013.Promotional cultures: The rise and spread of advertising, public relations, marketing and branding. Polity. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013.Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Gregory, A., 2015.Planning and managing public relations campaigns: A strategic approach. Kogan Page Publishers. Grunig, J.E. ed., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Heath, R.L. ed., 2013.Encyclopedia of public relations. Sage Publications. Johnston, K.A., 2014. Public relations and engagement: Theoretical imperatives of a multidimensional concept.Journal of Public Relations Research,26(5), pp.381-383. Kim, S. and Ferguson, M.T., 2014. Public expectations of CSR communication: What and how to communicate CSR.Public Relations Journal,8(3), pp.1-22. Kim, Y., 2014. Strategic communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR): Effects of stated motives and corporate reputation on stakeholder responses.Public Relations Review,40(5), pp.838-840. Seitel, F.P., 2017.Practice of Public Relations. Pearson Education. Smith, R.D., 2013.Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Stacks, D.W., 2016.Primer of public relations research. Guilford Publications. Steyn, B. and Niemann, L., 2014. Strategic role of public relations in enterprise strategy, governance and sustainabilityA normative framework.Public Relations Review,40(2), pp.171-183. Theaker, A., 2017. What is public relations?. InThe Public Relations Strategic Toolkit(pp. 17-27). Routledge.